| Dirk Bogarde | |
|---|---|
| Born | Derek Jules Gaspard Ulric Niven van den Bogaerde 28 March 1921 West Hampstead, London, England |
| Died | 8 May 1999 (aged 78) Chelsea, London, England |
| Occupation | actor, novelist |
| Years active | 1939 - 1990 |
Sir Dirk Bogarde (28 March 1921 – 8 May 1999) was an English actor and novelist. Initially a matinee star in such films as Doctor in the House (1954) and other Rank Organisation pictures, Bogarde later acted in art house films like Death in Venice (1971). He also wrote several volumes of autobiography.
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Bogarde was born Derek Jules Gaspard Ulric Niven van den Bogaerde in a nursing home at 12 Hemstal Road,[1] West Hampstead, London, of mixed Flemish, Dutch and Scottish ancestry, and baptised on 30 October at St. Mary's Church, Kilburn.[2] His father, Ulric van den Bogaerde (born in Perry Barr, Birmingham), was the art editor of The Times and his mother Margaret Niven was a former actress. He attended University College School,[3] the former Allan Glen's School in Glasgow (a time he described in his autobiography as unhappy, although others have disputed his account)[4] and later studied at the Chelsea College of Art & Design.
Bogarde served in World War II, being commissioned into the Queen's Royal Regiment in 1943. He reached the rank of major and served in both the European and Pacific theatres, principally as an intelligence officer. He claimed to have been one of the first Allied officers in April 1945 to reach the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany, an experience that had the most profound effect on him and about which he found it difficult to speak for many years afterward. As John Carey has summed up with regard to John Coldstream's authorised biography however, "it is virtually impossible that he (Bogarde) saw Belsen or any other camp. Things he overheard or read seem to have entered his imagination and been mistaken for lived experience."[5] Coldstream's analysis seems to conclude that this was indeed the case.[6] Nonetheless, the horror and revulsion at the cruelty and inhumanity that he claimed to have witnessed still left him with a deep-seated hostility towards Germany; in the late-1980s he wrote that he would disembark from a lift rather than ride with a German.[7] Nevertheless, three of his more memorable film roles were as Germans, one of them as a former SS officer in The Night Porter.[8]
He was most vocal, towards the end of his life, on the issue of voluntary euthanasia, of which he became a staunch proponent after witnessing the protracted death of his lifelong partner and manager Anthony Forwood (the former husband of actress Glynis Johns) in 1988. He gave an interview to John Hofsess, London executive director of the Voluntary Euthanasia Society:
"My views were formulated as a 24-year-old officer in Normandy ... On one occasion the jeep ahead hit a mine ... Next thing I knew, there was this chap in the long grass beside me. A bloody bundle, shrapnel-ripped, legless, one arm only. The one arm reached out to me, white eyeballs wide, unseeing, in the bloody mask that had been a face. A gurgling voice said, 'Help. Kill me.' With shaking hands I reached for my small pouch to load my revolver ... I had to look for my bullets -- by which time somebody else had already taken care of him. I heard the shot. I still remember that gurgling sound. A voice pleading for death" ... "During the war I saw more wounded men being 'taken care of' than I saw being rescued. Because sometimes you were too far from a dressing station, sometimes you couldn't get them out. And they were pumping blood or whatever; they were in such a wreck, the only thing to do was to shoot them. And they were, so don't think they weren't. That hardens you: You get used to the fact that it can happen. And that it is the only sensible thing to do".
His London West End acting debut was in 1939, with stage name "Derek Bogaerde" in J. B. Priestley's play "Cornelius". After the war his agent renamed him "Dirk Bogarde", and his good looks helped him begin a career as a film actor, contracted to The Rank Organisation.[9]
During the 1950s, Bogarde came to prominence playing a hoodlum who shoots and kills a police constable in The Blue Lamp (1950) co-starring Jack Warner and Bernard Lee; by portraying a murderer who befriends a young boy played by Jon Whiteley in Hunted (aka The Stranger in Between) (1952); in Appointment in London (1953) as a young airman in Bomber Command who, against orders, joins a major offensive against the Germans; The Sea Shall Not Have Them (1954), playing a flight sergeant trapped in a dinghy with Michael Redgrave; Doctor in the House (1954), as a medical student, in a film that made Bogarde one of the most popular British stars of the 1950s, and co-starring Kenneth More, Donald Sinden and James Robertson Justice as their crabby mentor; The Sleeping Tiger (1954), playing a neurotic criminal with co-star Alexis Smith, and Bogarde's first film for American expatriate director Joseph Losey; Doctor at Sea (1955), co-starring Brigitte Bardot in one of her first film roles; Cast a Dark Shadow (1955), as a man who marries women for money and then murders them; The Spanish Gardener (1956), co-starring Cyril Cusack, Jon Whiteley and Bernard Lee; Doctor at Large (1957), another entry in the "Doctor series", co-starring later Bond girl Shirley Eaton; A Tale of Two Cities (1958), a faithful retelling of Charles Dickens' classic; The Doctor's Dilemma (1959), based on a play by George Bernard Shaw and co-starring Leslie Caron and Robert Morley, (not a part of the "Doctor series"); and Libel (1959), playing two separate roles and co-starring Olivia de Havilland. Bogarde quickly became a matinee idol and was Britain's number one box office draw of the 1950s, gaining the title of "The Matinee Idol of the Odeon".
After leaving the Rank Organisation in the early 1960s, Bogarde abandoned his heart-throb image for more challenging parts, such as barrister Melville Farr in Victim (1961), directed by Basil Dearden; decadent valet Hugo Barrett in The Servant (1963), directed by Joseph Losey and written by Harold Pinter; television reporter Robert Gold in Darling (1965), directed by John Schlesinger; Stephen, a bored Oxford University professor, in Losey's Accident, (1967) also written by Pinter; German industrialist Frederick Bruckman in Luchino Visconti's The Damned (1969); the ex-Nazi, Max Aldorfer, in the chilling and controversial The Night Porter (1974) directed by Liliana Cavani; and, most notably, as Gustav von Aschenbach in Death in Venice (1971) also directed by Visconti.
In some of his other roles during the 1960s and 1970s, Bogarde played opposite renowned stars, yet several of the films were of uneven quality. Some of these movies included The Angel Wore Red (1960), playing an unfrocked priest who falls in love with cabaret entertainer Ava Gardner during the Spanish Civil War; Song Without End (1960), playing Hungarian composer and virtuoso pianist Franz Liszt, a flawed film made under the initial direction of Charles Vidor (who died during shooting), and completed by Bogarde's friend George Cukor, in Bogarde's only disappointing foray into Hollywood; the campy The Singer Not the Song (1961), as a Mexican bandit co-starring John Mills as a priest; H.M.S. Defiant (aka Damn the Defiant!) (1962), playing sadistic Lieutenant Scott-Padget, in which Bogarde practically steals the movie from his co-star Sir Alec Guinness; I Could Go On Singing (1963), co-starring Judy Garland in her final screen role; The Mind Benders (1963), an off-beat film where Bogarde plays an Oxford professor conducting sensory deprivation experiments at Oxford University (precursor to Altered States (1980)); Hot Enough for June, (aka "Agent 8¾") (1964), a James Bond-type spy spoof co-starring Robert Morley; King & Country (1964), playing an army lawyer reluctantly defending deserter Tom Courtenay; Modesty Blaise (1966), a campy spy send-up playing archvillain Gabriel opposite Monica Vitti and Terence Stamp; Our Mother's House (1967), an off-beat film playing an estranged father of seven children, directed by Jack Clayton; The Fixer (1968), based on Bernard Malamud's novel, co-starring Alan Bates; Sebastian (1968), playing a former Oxford professor heading the all-female decoding office of British Intelligence, co-starring Sir John Gielgud, Susannah York and Lilli Palmer; Oh! What a Lovely War (1969), co-starring Sir John Gielgud and Sir Laurence Olivier and directed by Richard Attenborough; Justine (1969), directed by George Cukor; Le Serpent (1973), co-starring Henry Fonda and Yul Brynner; A Bridge Too Far (1977), in a rather controversial performance as Lieutenant General Frederick "Boy" Browning, also starring Sean Connery and an all-star cast; Providence (1977), directed by Alain Resnais and co-starring Sir John Gielgud; Despair (1978) directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder; and Daddy Nostalgie, (aka These Foolish Things) (1991) co-starring Jane Birkin as his daughter, Bogarde's final film role.
While a contract performer at the Rank Organisation, Bogarde was considered for a screen version of Lawrence Of Arabia, to be directed by Anthony Asquith. The role of Lawrence eventually went to Peter O'Toole and was directed by David Lean. Not getting the role of Lawrence of Arabia was Bogarde's greatest screen disappointment.[9] Bogarde was also reportedly considered for the title role in MGM's Doctor Zhivago (1965). Earlier, he declined Louis Jourdan's role as Gaston in MGM's Gigi (1958)..
In addition, Bogarde was in 1961 offered a stage role at the recently founded Chichester Festival Theatre by artistic director Sir Laurence Olivier, however he had to decline due to film commitments.[10] Bogarde later said that he regretted declining Olivier's offer, and with it the chance to "really learn my craft".[11]
Bogarde was nominated six times as Best Actor by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), winning twice, for The Servant in 1963, and for Darling in 1965. He also received the London Film Critics Circle Lifetime Award in 1991. He made a total of 63 films between 1939 and 1991.
In 1977, Bogarde embarked on his second career as an author. Starting with a first volume A Postillion Struck by Lightning, (a title said to be derived from a sentence in a travel phrase book ) he wrote a series of autobiographical volumes, novels and book reviews. As a writer Bogarde displayed a witty, elegant, highly literate and thoughtful style.
Bogarde was a life-long bachelor and, during his life, was reported to be homosexual.[12] Bogarde's most serious friendship with a woman was with the bisexual French actress Capucine. For many years he shared his homes, first in Amersham, England, then in France with his manager Anthony Forwood (a former husband of the actress Glynis Johns and the father of her only child, actor Gareth Forwood), but repeatedly denied that their relationship was anything but platonic. Such denials were understandable, mainly given that homosexual acts were illegal during most of his career, and also considering his appeal to women, which he was loath to jeopardise. His brother Gareth Van den Bogaerde in a 2004 interview with Jan Moir stated that Bogarde was engaging in homosexual sex at a time when such activity was illegal; and also claimed that the relationship with Forwood went beyond that of a manager and friend.[13]
Many believed Bogarde's refusal to enter into a marriage of convenience was a major reason for his failure to become a star in Hollywood, together with the critical and commercial failure of Song Without End. His friend Helena Bonham Carter believed Bogarde would not have been able to come out as gay during later life, since this might too unambiguously have demonstrated that he had been forced to camouflage his real sexual orientation during his film career.[14] Bogarde starred in the landmark 1961 film Victim, playing a homosexual London barrister who fights the blackmailers of a young man with whom he has had an emotional relationship. The young man commits suicide after being arrested for embezzlement, rather than ruin his friend's reputation. In exposing the ring of extortionists, Bogarde's character risks his career and marriage in order to see that justice is done. Victim was the first mainstream British film to treat homosexuality convincingly; and it have had some effect upon a contemporary change in English law which decriminalized consensual homosexual acts.
He was also a shareholder in Pressdram Ltd, the company that owned the satirical magazine Private Eye. Upon his death his shares passed on to Brock van der Bogaerde.
Bogarde's controversial film choices later in his career led him to have something of a cult following. The singer Morrissey was a fan and, according to Charlotte Rampling,[15] Bogarde was approached in 1990 by Madonna to appear in her video for Justify My Love, citing The Night Porter as an inspiration. Bogarde declined the offer.
In 1984, Bogarde served as president of the jury at the Cannes Film Festival. He was the first Briton to serve in this capacity, He was knighted in 1992 for services to acting, and was the recipient of honorary doctorates from St Andrews and Sussex.
Formerly a heavy smoker, Bogarde suffered a minor stroke in November 1987, at a time when his partner, Anthony Forwood was dying of liver cancer and Parkinson's disease. Never afraid of voicing his opinion, Bogarde, having witnessed Forwood's protracted illness and death, became active in promoting voluntary euthanasia for terminally ill patients in Britain, and toured the UK giving lectures and answering questions from audiences on the subject. It was a cause, he stated, that had been important to him since the war, when he had seen severely injured men pleading to be executed.[16]
In September 1996, he underwent angioplasty to unblock arteries leading to his heart and suffered a pulmonary embolism following the operation. Bogarde was paralyzed on one side of his body, which affected his speech and left him in a wheelchair. He managed, however, to complete a final volume of autobiography, which covered the stroke and its effects. He spent some time the day before he died with his friend Lauren Bacall. Bogarde died in London from a heart attack on 8 May 1999, aged 78. His ashes were scattered at his former estate of "Le Haut Clermont" in Grasse, Southern France.
Titles preceded by an asterisk (*) are films made for television.
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1939 | Come on George! | Extra (uncredited) | |
| 1947 | Dancing with Crime | Policeman | |
| 1948 | Esther Waters | William Latch | |
| Once a Jolly Swagman | Bill Fox | ||
| 1949 | Boys in Brown | Alfie Rawlins | |
| Quartet | George Bland (segment "The Alien Corn") | ||
| Dear Mr. Prohack | Charles Prohack | ||
| 1950 | The Woman in Question | R.W. (Bob) Baker | |
| The Blue Lamp | Tom Riley | ||
| Blackmailed | Stephen Mundy | ||
| So Long at the Fair | George Hathaway | ||
| 1952 | Appointment in London | Wing Commander Tim Mason | |
| Hunted | Chris Lloyd | ||
| Penny Princess | Tony Craig | ||
| The Gentle Gunman | Matt Sullivan | ||
| 1954 | They Who Dare | Lt. Graham | |
| The Sea Shall Not Have Them | Flight Sgt. MacKay | ||
| For Better, for Worse | Tony Howard | ||
| Doctor in the House | Dr Simon Sparrow | ||
| The Sleeping Tiger | Frank Clemmons | ||
| 1955 | Simba | Alan Howard | |
| Doctor at Sea | Dr. Simon Sparrow | ||
| 1956 | The Spanish Gardener | Jose | |
| 1957 | Cast a Dark Shadow | Edward "Teddy" Bare | |
| Ill Met by Moonlight | Maj. Patrick Leigh Fermor aka Philedem | ||
| Doctor at Large | Dr. Simon Sparrow | ||
| Campbell's Kingdom | Bruce Campbell | ||
| 1958 | A Tale of Two Cities | Sydney Carton | |
| The Wind Cannot Read | Flight Lt. Michael Quinn | ||
| The Doctor's Dilemma | Louis Dubedat | ||
| 1959 | Libel | Sir Mark Sebastian Loddon/Frank Welney/Number Fifteen | |
| 1960 | Song Without End | Franz Liszt | Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |
| The Angel Wore Red | Arturo Carrera | ||
| 1961 | Victim | Melville Farr | Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role |
| The Singer Not the Song | Anacleto | ||
| 1962 | We Joined the Navy | Cameo appearance (Dr. Simon Sparrow) | |
| H.M.S. Defiant | 1st Lt. Scott-Padget | ||
| The Password is Courage | Sgt. Maj. Charles Coward | ||
| 1963 | The Mind Benders | Dr. Henry Longman | |
| I Could Go On Singing | David Donne | ||
| The Servant | Hugo Barrett | BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role | |
| Doctor in Distress | Dr. Simon Sparrow | ||
| 1964 | King & Country | Capt. Hargreaves | |
| Hot Enough for June | Nicholas Whistler | ||
| The High Bright Sun | Maj. McGuire | ||
| 1965 | Darling | Robert Gold | BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role |
| 1966 | Modesty Blaise | Gabriel | |
| *Blithe Spirit | Charles Condomine | ||
| 1967 | Accident | Stephen | Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role |
| Our Mother's House | Charlie Hook | Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role | |
| 1968 | Sebastian | Sebastian | |
| The Fixer | Bibikov | ||
| 1969 | La Caduta degli dei (The Damned) | Frederick Bruckmann | |
| Oh! What a Lovely War | Stephen | ||
| Justine | Pursewarden | ||
| 1970 | *Upon This Rock | Bonnie Prince Charlie | |
| 1971 | Morte a Venezia (Death in Venice) | Gustav von Aschenbach | Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role |
| 1973 | Night Flight from Moscow | Philip Boyle | |
| 1974 | Il Portiere di notte (The Night Porter) | Maximilian Theo Aldorfer | |
| 1975 | Permission to Kill | Alan Curtis | |
| 1977 | A Bridge Too Far | Lt. Gen. Frederick 'Boy' Browning | |
| Providence | Claude Langham | ||
| 1978 | Despair | Hermann Hermann | |
| 1981 | *The Patricia Neal Story | Roald Dahl | |
| 1986 | *May We Borrow Your Husband? | William Harris | |
| 1988 | The Vision | James Marriner | |
| 1990 | Daddy Nostalgie | Daddy |
| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Peter O'Toole for Lawrence of Arabia |
BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role 1963 for The Servant |
Succeeded by Richard Attenborough for Guns at Batasi & Seance on a Wet Afternoon |
| Preceded by Richard Attenborough for Guns at Batasi & Seance on a Wet Afternoon |
BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role 1965 for Darling |
Succeeded by Richard Burton for The Spy Who Came in from the Cold & Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? |
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